Directions for questions 1 to 4: The instructions given below is followed by a set of four questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.

Over the last few decades, climate change has evolved from being a scientific concern to a global political and economic issue. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has repeatedly warned that limiting global temperature rise to 1.5°C requires "rapid, far-reaching and unprecedented changes in all aspects of society." Yet, despite clear evidence, international response remains tepid. Developed nations have been accused of pledging climate finance without delivering it, while developing nations argue that economic growth should not be compromised for climate action. The tension lies in the unequal historical responsibility for emissions and the unequal capacity to act. While innovation in renewable energy and carbon markets offers some hope, systemic inertia and political short-termism continue to hamper meaningful progress.